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Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge
The Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge is part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge System, located in north Key Largo, less than 40 miles (60 km) south of Miami off SR 905 (Card Sound Road). The 6,686 acre (27.1 km2) refuge (located in Monroe County, Florida) opened during the year of 1980, under the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 and the Endangered Species Act of 1973. It was established in order to protect critical breeding and nesting habitat for the threatened American crocodile and other wildlife.〔United States Fish and Wildlife Service, ''Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge'', http://www.fws.gov/southeast/crocodilelake/〕 This area also includes of open water in and around the refuge. In addition to being one of only three breeding populations of the American crocodile,〔FAVOR Florida Keys, ''Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge'', http://www.favorfloridakeys.com/Croc%20Lake%20NWR.htm〕 the refuge is home to tropical hardwood hammock, mangrove forest, and salt marsh. It is administered as part of the National Key Deer Refuge which is also located in the Florida Keys.
==History==
Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge was once entirely platted for residential development; however, accumulated deposits of dredge-spoils on the bayside of North Key Largo became an important nesting area for some of the country's remaining American crocodiles〔 which have recovered in recent years from a low, in 1975, of approximately 200 in population size. The American crocodile had nearly been extirpated by hunting for export of its hide as an exotic leather. The government took protective action and listed the US population due to this hunting and, also, due to loss of habitat in the area. Due to its recovery trend, on March 20, 2007, the federal government downlisted the American crocodile from endangered to threatened, though the capturing and hunting of the crocodile is still forbidden.
The crocodile is just one of several species of flora and fauna that occur in the refuge's habitats. The Key Largo Woodrat, Key Largo Cotton Mouse, Schaus Swallowtail butterfly, Florida semaphore cactus are listed as endangered, and the Stock Island Tree Snail and Eastern Indigo Snake are listed as threatened. All six species retain a precarious foothold in North Key Largo. Due to the once almost unrestricted commercial and residential development of the Florida Keys, the size and number of fragmented tropical hardwood hammock habitat have been reduced. Along with the decline of their habitat, the populations of animals who reside in the habitat have also declined.〔 Though the refuge office distributes brochures and information, and has a 2,500 square-foot butterfly garden beside the office, the refuge's natural areas are closed to the public. This closure is necessary to protect the threatened and endangered listed species that occur on the Refuge.
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